Study to Evaluate the Efficacy & Safety of the INTERCEPT Blood System for RBCs in Complex Cardiac Surgery Patients

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RBC transfusion for support of acute anemia in cardiovascular surgery patients based on the clinical outcome of renal impairment following transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) treated with the INTERCEPT Blood System (IBS) for Red Blood Cells compared to patients transfused with conventional RBCs.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 11 years of age 2. Weight ≥ 40 kg 3. Scheduled complex cardiac surgery or thoracic aorta surgery. The procedure may be performed either on or off cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CBP or "pump"). For the purposes of this protocol "Repeat procedure" means that the subject had a previous cardiac surgery. Procedures that qualify as complex cardiac surgery include but are not limited to, the following: * Single Vessel Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, first or repeat procedure * Multiple Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts, first or repeat procedure * Single Valve Repair or Replacement, first or repeat procedure * Multiple Valve Repair or Replacement, first or repeat procedure * Surgery involving both Coronary Artery Bypass Graft(s) and Valve Repair(s), first or repeat procedure * One or more of the following procedures, with or without Coronary Bypass Graft(s): * left ventricular aneurysm repair * ventricular and/or atrial septal defect repairs * Batista procedure (surgical ventricular remodeling) * surgical ventricular restoration * congenital cardiac defect repair * aortic procedures * other cardiac surgery or thoracic aorta surgery types with a high probability of bleeding 4. TRUST probability score (Alghamdi, Davis et al. 2006) ≥ 3, or currently on a regimen of aspirin (any dose), clopidogrel (or analogs) and/or GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors or at a high probability for need of a transfusion during or after surgery at the discretion of the Investigator 5. Female subjects of child-bearing potential must meet the 2 criteria below at screening: * Negative serum or urine pregnancy test * Use at least one method of birth control that results in a low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence or vasectomized partner 6. Signed and dated informed consent/assent form Exclusion Criteria: 1. Confirmed positive baseline serum/plasma antibody specific to INTERCEPT RBCs (S-303 specific antibody) screening panel prior to randomization. 2. Pregnant or breast feeding 3. Refusal of blood products or other inability to comply with the protocol in the opinion of the Investigator or the treating physician 4. Treatment with any medication that is known to adversely affect RBC viability, such as, but not limited to dapsone, levodopa, methyldopa, nitrofurantoin, and its derivatives, phenazopyridine and quinidine. 5. Planned cardiac transplantation 6. Active autoimmune hemolytic anemia 7. Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support pre operatively or planned need post-operatively 8. Cardiogenic shock requiring pre-operative placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (NOTE: IABP done for unstable angina or prophylactically for low ejection fraction is not excluded). 9. Planned use of autologous or directed donations. 10. RBC transfusion during current hospitalization prior to enrollment and randomization (within 7 days). 11. Participation in an interventional clinical study concurrently or within the previous 28 days. This includes investigational blood products, pharmacologic agents, imaging materials (including dyes), surgical techniques, or devices. Observational studies of FDA cleared or approved products or nutrition, psychology, or socioeconomic issues are not grounds for exclusion 12. Patients with a current diagnosis of either chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury and with sCr ≥1.8 mg/dL at screening and patients requiring RRT. (NOTE: If sCr at screening is \