Analysis of the Dynamics of the Lung Microbiota During Acute Exacerbation of COPD Requiring Admission to Intensive Care Unit

This study aims to investigate the correlation between pulmonary microbiota dynamics (including bacteria, fungi and viruses) and COPD exacerbation for COPD patients admitted to ICU

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient above 18 admitted in ICU * Admitted for COPD exacerbation defined by sustained (\> 2 days) worsening of respiratory symptoms considering Anthonisen's criteria with life-threatening condition. * Needing mechanical ventilation (noninvasive ventilation or oro-tracheal intubation) * COPD condition will be presumed according to patient's respiratory history or previous lung function testing * Able to consent or with the patient's family consent * Affiliated to a social insurance scheme No inclusion Criteria: * COPD patient admitted for another cause than respiratory failure * person under tutorship or curatorship * living further than 100 kilometers away from the ICU * expected survival inferior to 1 week Exclusion Criteria \- Lung function testing not consistent with COPD at steady-state visit