Carotid Artery Implant for Preventing Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulants

This study will assess the safety and performance of the Vine™ Embolic Protection System (embolic filtering device) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on top of oral anticoagulants (OAC), and remain at high risk for stroke recurrence. All patients will receive bilateral implants in the common carotid arteries

Inclusion Criteria: * Documented AF * CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 4 and history of ischemic stroke (including TIA with positive neuro-imaging) * No contra-indication for patient to receive an OAC, either vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) for the duration of the study * Age \> 50 years * Maximal (systolic) CCA diameter range: ≥ 4.8mm and ≤ 9.8mm * CCA accessibility: up to 40mm from skin to CCA center, safe approach * Implantation segment free of atherosclerotic disease as determined by ultrasound imaging * Patient is able and willing to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Evidence of carotid stenosis \> 30% \[CCA, internal carotid artery (ICA), or external carotid artery (ECA)\] * Evidence of carotid dissection * Pre-existing stent(s) in CCA * Female who is pregnant or who is planning to become pregnant during the course of the study * Life expectancy of less than two years * Active systemic infection * Known sensitivity to nickel or titanium metals, or their alloys * Known hereditary or acquired coagulation disorders * Any planned surgical or endovascular treatment within 30 days after the implantation procedure * A co-morbid disease or condition that could confound the neurological and functional evaluations or compromise survival or ability to complete follow-up assessments\* Current use or a recent history of illicit drug(s) use or alcohol abuse (defined as regular or daily consumption of more than four alcoholic drinks per day) * Active participation in another investigational drug or device treatment study * Inability to complete all scheduled follow-up * Any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator may adversely affect the safety of the patient or would limit the patient's ability to complete the study * History of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and/or hemorrhagic stroke * Event of stroke/TIA in the past 14 days