MSC-DNX-2401 in Treating Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Glioma

This phase I trial studies best dose and side effects of oncolytic adenovirus DNX-2401 in treating patients with high-grade glioma that has come back (recurrent). Oncolytic adenovirus DNX-2401 is made from the common cold virus that has been changed in the laboratory to make it less likely to cause an infection (such as a cold). The virus is also changed to target brain cancer cells and attack them.

Inclusion Criteria: Subjects must meet the following inclusion criteria to be eligible and enroll: 1. Subjects must be willing and able to provide informed consent, undergo and comply with all study assessments, and adhere to the protocol schedule. 2. Patients with recurrent malignant GBM or gliosarcoma will be eligible. Patients with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma with wild-type IDH-1 gene will also be eligible if there is a significant enhancing mass on MRI (≥1.0 cm in diameter with upper limit of 5 cm maximal diameter) because their prognosis/behavior is similar to GBM. Subjects with an initial diagnosis of an IDH-mutant grade 2 or 3 astrocytoma are also eligible at recurrence if a biopsy at recurrence is determined to be IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytoma, and there is a significant enhancing mass on MRI (≥1.0 cm in diameter with upper limit of 5 cm maximal diameter). A pathology report constitutes adequate documentation of histology for study inclusion. 3. Patients must show unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence or progression by MRI scan after failing prior surgical resection, biopsy, chemotherapy or radiation. A baseline MRI must be performed within 24 days prior to registration. Biopsy is encouraged at the time of recurrence if it is unclear that there is recurrent tumor. However, biopsy is not required if the practicing physician thinks that there is adequate radiographic and clinical evidence for recurrence. 4. Male or female patients ≥ 18 years of age. 5. Patients must be able to undergo endovascular treatment based on Doppler studies showing ICA that is less than 50% occluded. 6. For patients undergoing resection for biological endpoints, tumors must be surgically resectable at the time of baseline evaluation and craniotomy for tumor resection is indicated as part of their standard medical care. 7. Tumors must be ≥1.0 cm in diameter with upper limit of 5 cm maximal diameter. 8. Patients must have a Karnofsky performance score ≥ 70. 9. Patients must have a life expectancy of at least 16 weeks. 10. Patients must have adequate bone marrow function (absolute granulocyte count \> 1,500 and platelet count of \> 75,000), adequate liver function (SGPT and SGOT and bilirubin \< 2 times institutional normal ranges), and adequate renal function (creatinine \< 2.0 times institutional normal) prior to starting therapy. 11. Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 1.5x ULN. 12. Subjects who have received the following chemotherapies must have completed them within the following time periods prior to Baseline/Day 0 of hMSC-DNX2401 delivery with recovery from any drug-related toxic effects to Grade 1, or less, severity: * Four weeks from cytotoxic agents (3 weeks from procarbazine or Temozolomide, 2 weeks from vincristine) * 6 weeks from nitrosoureas (CCNU, BCNU) * Four weeks from any targeted investigational agent * One week from non-cytotoxic agents 13. This study was designed to include women and minorities, but was not designed to measure differences of intervention effects. Males and females will be recruited with no preference to gender. 14. No exclusion to this study will be based on race. Minorities will actively be recruited to participate. The malignant glioma patient population treated at MDACC over the past year is as follows: * American Indian or Alaskan Native - 0 * Asian or Pacific Islander - \50%, by Doppler studies). 7. Thrombophilias or primary hematological diseases. 8. Transfusions or medications (G-CSF) to treat pancytopenia or other hematological conditions \< 28 days prior to Baseline/Day 0/hMSC-DNX2401 administration. 9. Biologic/immunotherapy within 2 weeks of baseline. 10. Clinical or laboratory evidence of inflammatory and/or autoimmune disorders. 11. Any contraindication for undergoing MRI such as: individuals with pacemakers, epicardial pacer wires, infusion pumps, surgical and/or aneurysm clips, shrapnel, metal prosthesis, implants with potential magnetic properties, metallic bodies in the eyes, etc. In addition, subjects must present with tumor that is evaluable by MRI. 12. Pregnant or nursing females. 13. Evidence of active uncontrolled infection or unstable or severe intercurrent medical conditions. All subjects must be afebrile (i.e., \ 2x normal) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity. 17. Evidence of bleeding diathesis or use of anticoagulant medication or any medication that may increase the risk of bleeding that cannot be stopped prior to surgery. If the medication can be discontinued prior to DNX-2401 injection then the subject may be eligible following consultation with the Study Chair. Low weight heparin and Lovenox (enoxaparin) administered on a temporary limited basis for post procedure DVT prophylaxis is permitted. 18. History or current diagnosis of any medical or psychological condition that in the Investigator's opinion might interfere with the subject's ability to participate or inability to obtain informed consent because of psychiatric or complicating medical problems. 19. Encephalitis, multiple sclerosis or other central nervous system (CNS) infection or primary CNS disease that would interfere with subject evaluation. 20. Subjects with known Li-Fraumini Syndrome or with a known germ line deficit in the retinoblastoma gene or its related pathways. 21. Subjects with significant systemic or major illnesses including but not limited to: congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (history of strokes or TIAs in large vessel or small vessel distribution), kidney disease or renal failure, active liver disease, organ transplantation, or significant psychiatric disorder. 22. Enrollment in a concomitant therapeutic clinical study. 23. Any condition that prevents compliance with the protocol or adherence to therapy. 24. For patients enrolled in the biological endpoint phase of the study, patients will be excluded if in the assessment of the surgeon, after resecting the tumor, there is high likelihood of injecting BM-hMSC-DNX2401 into the ventricles.