Percutaneous Left Stellate Ganglion Block In Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Refractory VEntricular Arrhythmias (LIVE Study)

This is an observational, prospective study to verify the feasibility and practicability of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB) in patient suffering from a refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to a shockable rhythm and the eventual occurrence of complication related to it. The study will also assess the rate of ventricular fibrillation termination and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) until admission and transfer of care to the receiving hospital is higher in the patients treated with PSGB as compared to historical controls.

Inclusion Criteria: * All patients with an OHCA, occurred in the Province of Pavia, in which the first rhythm was a shockable one and in which the cause of the cardiac arrest is medical (following Utstein-style 2014). * Patients who received L-PSGB after at least 4 unsuccessful shocks during ACLS algorithm; Exclusion Criteria: * Patients in which the cause of the cardiac arrest is non-medical following Utstein-style 2014 (trauma, overdose, drowning, electrocution, asphyxia, etc.) * Patients who has an anisocoria at the arrival of medical doctor on the scene. * Patients whose neck is judge unsuitable for PSGB by the operator (i.e. presence of big scar, thyroid goiter, etc.)