Time Restricted Eating for Weight Management

A 12-month randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial, divided into 2 consecutive periods: (1) 6-month weight loss period; and (2) 6-month weight maintenance, will be implemented. Adults with obesity will be randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) 8h-TRE, ad libitum food intake from 12pm to 8 pm, fasting from 8 pm to 12 pm daily, (2) CR, 25% energy restriction every day; or 3) control, ad libitum food intake daily, eating within more than 10 hours per day.

Inclusion criteria: * Age between 18 to 65 years old * BMI between 30 and 50 kg/m2 * Sedentary or lightly active (\ 4 kg) * Are not able to keep a food diary or activity log for 7 consecutive days during screening * Are taking drugs that influence study outcomes (weight loss, glucose-lowering medications) * Are perimenopausal or have an irregular menstrual cycle (menses that does not appear every 27-32 days) * Are eating within less than a 10-hour window at baseline * Are pregnant, or trying to become pregnant * Are night shift workers * Are smokers