Different Modes of Universal Adhesive in Smokers and Non-Smokers

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the clinical performance of a universal adhesive used with different application modes in non-carious cervical lesions.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients were 18 years of age or older, * good general health, * acceptable oral hygiene level, * no possible health problems (such as allergies) related to resin-based restorations, * at least three non-carious cervical lesions with at least 20 teeth in the occlusion. * The depth of the lesions should be at least 1 mm, without carious, not previously restored, having teeth with vital, enamel and dentin tissue. * Patients who smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day, however patients in non-smokers have never smoked before. Exclusion Criteria: * Participant had fewer than 20 teeth, * having poor oral hygiene, * uncontrolled periodontal disease, * xerostomia, * diagnosis of bruxism, * pregnancy or breastfeeding possible health problems (such as allergy) related to resin-based restorations * having severe systemic disease, * having bleaching treatment or orthodontic treatment.