Biofeedback Based Virtual Reality Intervention to Manage Postoperative Pain

To develop and refine a technology based treatment protocol for preoperative education and training and postoperative care in children and adolescents undergoing surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Ages 12 -18 years * Scheduled to undergo surgery anticipated to cause moderate to severe pain with expected length of stay \> or = to 2 days * Able to read, understand and speak English * Patients requiring management by the Acute Pain Service * Possession of a mobile device/computer available for study participation Exclusion Criteria: * Outside the age range (\< 12 or \> 18 years) * Non-English speaking * History of significant developmental delay, uncontrolled psychiatric conditions associated with hallucinations or delusions, or neurological conditions (especially epilepsy and/or significant motion sickness/nausea/vomiting) * History of vertigo, dizziness, seizure disorder, and/or severe motion sickness * History of chronic pain * Are chronically using opioids and or benzodiazepines for the management of pain * Are actively experiencing nausea or vomiting * Conditions such as craniofacial abnormalities or surgeries of the head and neck * Previous participation in this study