Analgesic Effect of Intranasal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine in FESS

Intranasal dexmedetomidine provided good pharmacokinetic profile. However, intravenous dexmedetomidine have been used in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for several outcomes, there is lack in studies that had compared the efficacy of intravenous and Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for improving quality of the operative field in functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Therefore, we established this randomized study to compare intranasal dexmedetomidine with intravenous dexmedetomidine improving quality of the operative field in functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:Patients older than 21 years of age.Both genders.American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I - III who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Exclusion Criteria:Patients with a body mass index > 30 kg/m2Existing or recent significant disease.Contraindications to the use of dexmedetomidine.History or presence of a significant disease.Significant cardiovascular disease risk factors.Significant coronary artery disease.Any known genetic predisposition.History of any kind of drug allergy.Drug abuse.Psychological or other emotional problems.Special diet or lifestyle.Clinically significant abnormal findings in physical examination, electrocardiographic (ECG) or laboratory screening.Known systemic disease requiring the use of anticoagulants.Any nasal disorders that may hinder nasal administration of the drugs as repeated nasal bleeding or nasal tumors.Patients with a history of previous functional endoscopic sinus surgery.