Buccal and Palatal Bone Thickness and Marginal Bone Changes Implants

The primary outcome of the study was the vertical variation of peri-implant buccal and palatal bone level from implant placement (T0) to uncovering stage (3 months later - T1)

Inclusion Criteria:age > 18 years;no smokers;no history of periodontal disease;healed bone crest (at least six months after tooth extraction);crestal bone height ≥8 mm;crestal bone with a minimum bucco-palatal width of 6 mm with no concomitant or previous bone augmentation procedures.Exclusion Criteria:absolute contraindications to implant surgeryimmunological or genetic disorders;uncontrolled diabetes (HBA1c > 7.5%);present or past treatment with anti resorptive drugs;oncologic patients;history of head or neck radiotherapy;alcohol or drugs abuse;final insertion torque > 50 Ncm.