Immune and Inflammatory Indices in Peripheral Blood Predict Prognosis of Glioma and Correlate With Grades and Subtypes

Our study considered the relevant immune and inflammatory indices, such as immunoglobulin kappa light chain, TNF, and CD4+ Helper T lymphocyte% in a multi-institutional study with a large patient cohort (n=1282) from the east, northeast, and southeast of China. Our study shed light on the association of peripheral immune system status with prognosis, tumor grade, and subtype of glioma, which can potentially benefit future diagnostic and prognostic processes of glioma given its noninvasive nature. Moreover, the preoperative inflammatory status can be leveraged for timely interventions to reverse the immunosuppressive status of cancer patients and enhance anti-tumour immunity of glioma.

Inclusion Criteria:glioma grading and classification histologically verified in a resection or biopsy specimen according to 2016 WHO criteria;age > 18 years;primary malignant glioma;the duration of follow-up > 3 months;available data of lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, immune proteins and immune complements measured at the patient's first hospitalization.Exculsion Criteria:current infectious disease, hyperpyrexia, hematological disease, diabetes mellitus, serious heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, other cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, or medication usage related to an inflammatory condition;prior cancer-specific pretreatment, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy;