Nebulized Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Sevoflurane Induced Emergence Agitation After Pediatric Tonsillectomy

Pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy usually have a high incidence of postoperative EA, which increases the risk of developing postoperative airway obstruction and respiratory depression due to anatomical characteristics of operative location and increased susceptibility to opioid analgesics. the study will compare between nebulized and intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine as a prophylaxis against postanesthetic emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or adeno-tonsillectomy procedures.

Inclusion Criteria:ASA I and IIChildren scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy with or without myringotomy, and/or tympanostomy tube insertion.Exclusion Criteria:Patient's guardian refusal to participate in the study.Children with Behavioral changes; physical or developmental delay; neurological disorder or psychological disorder.Children on sedative or anticonvulsant medication.history of sleep apneasignificant organ dysfunction, cardiac dysrhythmia, congenital heart diseaseKnown allergy to the study drugs.