The Effectiveness of Lymphatic Bypass Supermicrosurgery

This study evaluate the effectiveness of lymphatic bypass supermicrosurgery (LBS) and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) compare to ALND alone to prevent breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL).

Inclusion Criteria:Breast cancer patient aged >18 years oldBreast cancer patient with clinically ALNs metastases (cN1 or cN2).Breast cancer patient with no clinical metastasis and tumor size ≥5cm or no sentinel lymph node biopsy facility in the hospital.Any breast cancer patients that receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy.Exclusion Criteria:Stage IV breast cancer patients who do not show clinical and radiological improvement after primary systemic therapy.Breast cancer patients with previous surgeries such as mastectomy, axillary lymph node biopsy, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and ALND.Breast cancer patients with prior breast, chest wall, axillary, or neck radiotherapy.Breast cancer patients with preoperative lymphatic system abnormality detected by ICG lymphography.Breast cancer patients with iodine allergy, asthma, decreased kidney function, pregnancy, and lactation.