Incidence of Infective Endocarditis in End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis by Transesophageal Echocardiography in Assuit University Hospital

To detect in more detail the incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis.To compare the relationship between different forms of haemodialysis access type and the related incidence of infective endocarditis.To determine individual risk factors, including type of vascular haemodialysis access, previous valve lesion and immunocompromised patients.

Inclusion Criteria:All patients admitted in nephrology unit department, Assiut university hospital, with ESRD that on hemodialysis, using vascular access including external central venous catheter (CVC) access or tunneled catheters, arteriovenous fistula, and arteriovenous graft, presented by fever with no other definite cause, severe unexplained valvular regurge, or prosthetic valve malfunction, or patients presented by recurrent distal embolizations of unknown origin.Exclusion Criteria:Any patient with sepsis due to causes other than infected vascular access.