Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk III: Stress and Resilience

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the relationship between environmental structural racism and discrimination and chronic pain risk in Native American adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:How does environmental structural racism and discrimination affect chronic pain-promoting mechanisms in Native Americans?What psychosocial factors buffer the negative effects of environmental structural racism and discrimination on chronic pain-promoting mechanisms?

Inclusion Criteria:Self-identify as Native American/American IndianExclusion Criteria:<18 years of ageSelf-reported history of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, musculoskeletal, or neurological disordersSurrent chronic pain, defined as persistent, bothersome pain on more days than not for at least 3 months)Self-reported current substance dependenceSse of medication that could interfere with testing (e.g., recent use of analgesics, antidepressants, or anti-anxiety medications)Inability to speak EnglishCurrent psychosis (assessed by Psychosis Screening Questionnaire)Serious cognitive impairment (assessed by <20 score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA])Possible peripheral neuropathy (assessed by nerve conduction study)