Electrocardiograph Changes and Holter Abnormalities in Children With Predialytic Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality , As in adults, cardiovascular disease occurs in some children with CKD before they reach ESRD as well as after

Inclusion Criteria:Age 1 to 15 year children with predialytic chronic kidney disease GFR.>15 ml\min per 1.73m2 , stages 1, 2, 3, 4 according to (KDOQI stages).Exclusion Criteria:Age >15 year On regular dialysis GFR<15 ml\min per 1.73m2, Stage 5 according to (KDOQI stages). Children with known cardiovascular disease or known arrhythmia Patients on the potential medication affecting ECG result as B-blocker, antipsychotics , antidepressant