Comparison of Esketamine-Propofol and Fentanyl-Propofol

Propofol is widely used as an induction agent during general anesthesia. The prevalent induction dose may be associated with unacceptable cardiovascular instability, especially in elderly patients.The combination of ketamine and propofol has been shown to balance the cardiodepressant effects. Esketamine is dextrorotatory structure of ketamine but with stronger analgesic effects and fewer adverse events.However, there have been no previous published reports on the use of esketamine combined with propofol during induction. The main aim of this study was to investigate the haemodynamic effects of esketamine with propofol for the elderly during induction with LMA( laryngeal mask airway) insertion.

Inclusion Criteria:age 》60 yearsAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or IIExclusion Criteria:contraindications to esketamine, such as glaucoma and large vascular aneurysmspoorly controlled or untreated hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure over 180/100 mmHg at rest)severe cardiopulmonarymental illness.LMA insertion failed.