Effects of Casein Protein on Metabolism When Taken Prior to Sleep and in the Morning

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of casein protein consumption both prior to sleep as well first thing in the morning on metabolism (increase satiety and appetite, lower resting metabolic rate, and lower blood sugar levels), when compared to nighttime protein or placebo consumption alone. Protein itself is a macronutrient that not only helps the body repair itself, and play a critical role in growth, it also aids in increasing satiety and decreasing appetite. Casein protein specifically is slow digesting dairy protein which may impact the body's metabolism for a longer period than other dairy proteins such as whey. The literature demonstrates nighttime protein ingestion prior to sleep increases metabolic rate and satiety the next morning. However, there appears to be no data on the metabolic effects of protein ingested both at night and in the morning.

Inclusion Criteria: * male * aged 18-30 Exclusion Criteria: * lactose intolerant * having known sleep issues * being on a schedule that is not uniform week to week * those who do not eat animal-based diets * any known or suspected food allergies * any known health conditions (cardiovascular disease, IBS, high blood pressure, diabetes, crohn's disease) * those that have disordered eating * unwillingness to take blood sugar four times a day * being a female