Anatomy Learning With a 3D Platform on Personal Devices, Augmented Reality, or Traditional Resources

TEACHANATOMY II compared three ways of learning shoulder and hip anatomy among first-year medical students: a three-dimensional (3D) learning platform on personal devices, head-mounted augmented reality (AR), and curated traditional learning resources. Both digital methods used identical 3D models created from photogrammetric scans of dissected body donor specimens. Each participant learned two consecutive anatomy modules with two different methods. Knowledge was assessed with a written test at the end of each module; study time and workload were secondary outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Medical students attending the 1st or 2nd year of undergraduate medical education * Must not have prior anatomical education Exclusion Criteria: * Epilepsy * Binocular vision disorder such as strabismus * Current head and/or neck injuries * Inflammation of the scalp and/or eye * Amputations or partial amputations of the hands