Father-Inclusive Parenting Intervention in Mwanza, Tanzania

This cluster-randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the impact of a couples-based parenting program, "Familia Bora," on mothers' and fathers' parenting, couples' relationships, gender, and early child development in the Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Additionally, this study aims to assess the program's implementation and identify factors influencing its quality and effectiveness. Trained community health workers will deliver the program by facilitating weekly peer group sessions in their villages. Twelve couples with a child under two years old will be enrolled in each village. The program will cover various topics, including responsive caregiving, positive discipline, stress management, healthy couples' communication, nutrition, and gender.

Eligibility criteria for couples: Inclusion Criteria: * Each individual is an adult aged 18-65 years * Each individual is the primary female or male caregiver of a child younger than 2 years of age * The two individuals are currently in a marital or partnered relationship with each other * Both individuals have lived in the same household as each other and the child during the past month, and * Both individuals provide written informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Need to satisfy the inclusion criteria