Effects of Thoracic Spine Manipulation With and Without Costovertebral Joint Manipulation in Patients Mid-back Pain

Mid-back pain (mbp) is defined as pain occurring within the limits of the third thoracic (T3) and ninth thoracic (T9) vertebrae, caused by the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal structures in the thoracic spine. It can present as pain and/or burning between the shoulder blades with reduced thoracic spine mobility and increased muscle tension. Congenital disorders such as scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease, or acquired disorders such as thoracic facet and costovertebral joint dysfunction may cause mid back pain.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants will be between 18 - 45 years of age * For this study, mid-back pain included all the following signs and symptoms: * Sharp, shooting, or aching mid-back pain * Mid back pain experienced during deep inspiration, sneezing, and/or coughing Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who did not sign or understand the letter of informed consent * Individuals with contraindications to manipulation in the thoracic spine (15) * Weakened bone due to: Osteoporosis, Infection and Neoplasm