Operating Room Team Familiarity and Perioperative Outcomes in Non-Cardiac Surgery

The goal of this retrospective observational cohort study is to investigate the association between operating room team familiarity and perioperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery. The operating room team includes surgeons, anesthesiologists, and operating room nurses. Team familiarity will be quantified using the Intraoperative Familiarity Score (IFS), which is calculated based on historical collaboration frequency among team members. The study will evaluate whether different levels of operating room team familiarity are associated with operating room efficiency indicators and patient safety outcomes. Data will be obtained from electronic medical records, anesthesia information management systems, and surgical databases of patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery at Zhongda Hospital.

Inclusion Criteria: • Adult patients (age ≥18 years) undergoing elective non-cardiac surgical procedures at Zhongda Hospital Southeast University between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2025. Exclusion Criteria: * Cardiac surgical procedures. * Emergency surgical procedures. * Procedures performed under non-intubated general anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia without airway management and requiring limited multidisciplinary operating room collaboration. * Surgical procedures with unavailable key perioperative time data, including pre-anesthesia preparation time, anesthesia induction time, or surgical duration. * Surgical procedures with unavailable information regarding operating room team composition, including participating surgeons, anesthesiologists, or operating room nurses. * Surgical procedures with missing data for the primary or secondary outcome measures.