Prognostication of Recovery in Early Disorders of Consciousness Study

The goal of this study is to determine the extent to which neuroimaging metrics (e.g., functional MRI) are associated with the current level of consciousness, and future consciousness recovery, in patients with disorders of consciousness resulting from acute brain injury. The main questions this study aims to answer are: How do functional MRI findings (e.g., covert consciousness and network connectivity) associate with current level of consciousness? How do functional MRI findings (e.g., covert consciousness and network connectivity) associate with future recovery of consciousness? How does noxious stimulation affect the detection of covert consciousness and functional brain network connectivity?

For patients: Inclusion Criteria: * Acute brain injury (including, but not limited to ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, anoxic brain injury, traumatic brain injury, or encephalitis) * Inability to follow commands due to a disorder of consciousness (comatose, vegetative, or minimally conscious state) caused by the underlying brain injury * Age 18 or greater * Enrolled within 28 days of brain injury Exclusion Criteria: * Imminent death (as indicated, for example, by planned transition to palliative measures, brain death testing, or severe medical instability) * MRI contraindications would exclude patients from imaging component of study For healthy controls: Exclusion Criteria: * MRI contraindications * History of brain injury to neurological disease * History of diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney disease