Gauging Outcomes of Total Milk Ingestion on Lipid and gControl

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. The cardiovascular impact of milk consumption remains a matter of long-standing scientific debate. Current guidelines for Americans recommend three daily servings of fat-free or low-fat (1%) dairy over full-fat options due to concerns that saturated fat may increase cardiovascular risk. Yet, the literature does not consistently support non-fat dairy as superior to high-fat dairy for reducing cardiometabolic risk. Identifying the comparative health benefits of non-fat versus high-fat dairy milk would be immediately applicable to patients who seek cardiovascular care. In this randomized, case-crossover trial, the investigators seek to efficiently assess the association between high-fat versus non-fat dairy milk consumption and insulin resistance. Utilizing the Eureka Platform, participants will be randomized to limit their liquid milk consumption to whole milk followed by skim milk (or vice versa), measuring the effect of milk fat content on glycemic index and lipid profile.

Inclusion Criteria: * Are age ≥18 years * Have a smartphone * Are able to use the Eureka mobile application * Consume, on average, at least one cup of dairy milk daily, at least 5 days per week Exclusion Criteria: * Non-English speaker * Are lactose intolerant * History of myocardial infarction * History of type I or type II diabetes * Familial hypercholesterolemia * Plan to change treatment for cholesterol * Unable to read or sign to provide informed consent