Effects of Grape Consumption on the Immune-Gut Axis in Obesity

This study is investigating the benefits of whole freeze-dried grape powder consumption on the immune-gut axis in adults with obesity.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: 18-60 years * Obesity with BMI of 30-45 kg/m2 * Willingness to consume study foods * Consistent diet and activity patterns for 4 weeks * Weight stable (\ 1 year or more * Not currently consuming an extremely healthy diet Exclusion Criteria: * Study food allergies * Regular consumption of grapes or grape-derived products * Gastrointestinal disease and/or bariatric surgery * Uncontrolled hypertension and blood pressure \>180/110 * Diabetes * Illicit drug use * History of alcohol or drug abuse * Recent use of medications that affect immune function (e.g., corticosteroids) * Recent consumption of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, or dietary supplements containing fiber or phytochemicals * Pregnant or lactating individuals * HIV positivity * Recent start of medications that affect metabolism or appetite * Drug therapy for coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, congestive