Passive Fit and Time Efficiency in All On-X Implants Protocols Using Photogrammetry, Splinted Scan Bodies, and Conventional Impression Technique

compare the passive fit of three impression techniques: photogrammetry, intraoral digital scanning with splinted scan bodies, and the conventional open-tray impression technique, within the context of the All-on-X treatment concept. This comparison is expected to provide valuable clinical evidence to support clinicians in making informed decisions when considering the adoption of digital alternatives to conventional methods.

Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged 45-65 years. Fully edentulous or partially edentulous maxilla requiring full-arch rehabilitation. Sufficient maxillary bone volume to support at least four implants according to the All-on-X protocol. Systemically healthy patients with no contraindications to dental implant surgery (ASA I-II classification). Demonstrated ability to maintain adequate oral hygiene. Willingness to participate in the study and comply with follow-up visits and required maintenance protocols. Patients seeking a fixed, implant-supported prosthesis for the maxilla due to missing teeth and inability to use removable prostheses effectively. Acceptable radiographic findings with no signs of pathology, infection, or significant anatomical limitations. Exclusion Criteria: Uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, osteoporosis, immunosuppressive disorders) History of radiation therapy to the head and neck region Active periodontal disease or untreated caries Maxillary cysts, tumors, or pathologies Poor oral hygiene or inability to maintain postoperative care Insufficient bone volume for All-on-X without extensive grafting Maxillary sinus pathology or oroantral fistula Psychiatric illness or cognitive impairment affecting compliance Bruxism or parafunctional habits Pregnant or lactating women History of implant failure or titanium allergy Use of bisphosphonates or antiresorptive medications Heavy smoking (\>10 cigarettes/day) Inability or unwillingness to attend follow-up visits Diagnosed or symptomatic temporomandibular joint disorders (pain, clicking, locking, limited opening)