Screen Addiction and Postoperative Pain

Excessive or problematic smartphone use has become increasingly common and has been associated with various psychological and physical health consequences, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, reduced sleep quality, musculoskeletal pain, and heightened pain perception. Postoperative pain is influenced not only by surgical trauma but also by individual psychological and behavioral characteristics. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether smartphone addiction levels influence postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing elective rhinoplasty surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18-45 years * Scheduled for elective primary rhinoplasty under general anesthesia * ASA physical status I-II * Ability to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * History of psychiatric disorders (diagnosed anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis) * Use of chronic analgesic, opioid, sedative, or psychotropic medication * Previous rhinoplasty or combined surgeries * Neurological disorders affecting pain perception * Communication difficulties or inability to complete questionnaires * Chronic pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, chronic back pain) * Intraoperative complications requiring deviation from standard anesthesia