Contribution of Recreational Exercises to Balance and Muscle Strength in Osteoporosis Risk

This study aims to evaluate the effects of recreational exercises such as Pilates, swimming and walking on muscle strength and balance in women at risk of osteoporosis. Study hypotheses: H1: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis. H2: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis. H3: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis. H4: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis. H5: Pilates and swimming exercises will have similar effects on improving muscle strength and balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Having a sedentary lifestyle (not having exercised regularly in the past 6 months), 2. No musculoskeletal or neurological conditions that would prevent participation, 3. Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Use of medications affecting bone metabolism (e.g., bisphosphonates, corticosteroids), 2. History of fracture within the past 6 months, 3. Uncontrolled cardiovascular or metabolic diseases.