Analgesic Efficacy of SPSIP Block Versus Paravertebral Block Following Thoracotomy

Thoracotomy causes severe postoperative pain that may impair respiratory function and increase complications. This study compares the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane (SPSIP) block and the paravertebral block in patients undergoing thoracotomy. The aim is to determine whether the newly described serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block can serve as a safe and effective alternative to established techniques.

Inclusion Criteria: * Scheduled to undergo thoracotomy * ASA physical status I-III according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification * Able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Declines or is unable to provide informed consent * Allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetics or opioids * Known or suspected coagulopathy * Infection at the injection site * History of thoracic surgery * Severe cardiovascular disease * Hepatic or renal failure * Pregnant, suspected pregnancy, or breastfeeding Significant neurological or psychiatric disorder that may interfere with study participatio