Music During Non-Stress Testing

Music has direct and indirect positive effects on the mother and fetus during pregnancy and perinatal period. This study was aimed at investigating effects of music played during the Non-Stress Test (NST) procedure on the mother's comfort, vital signs and anxiety.

Inclusion Criteria: * Women aged 18-45 years * Completion of at least the 32nd week of gestation * No pregnancy-related risk factors (e.g., premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes) * No multiple pregnancy * Normal blood pressure levels (not ≤80/60 mmHg and not ≥140/90 mmHg) * Having eaten at least two hours before the NST procedure * No smoking or alcohol consumption for at least two hours before the NST procedure * Ability to communicate effectively * No hearing impairment * Voluntary participation in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women with fetal distress * Cases for whom the physician considered emergency intervention necessary * Individuals with an impaired NST requiring immediate intervention * Individuals with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder * Individuals with hearing impairment