Creatine and Perioperative Brain Health

The overall goal of this study is to explore the effects of perioperative oral creatine supplementation on cognitive function and physiological responses to surgery in older adults. Creatine is commonly used to enhance athletic performance, but it can also have positive effects on the brain. Since surgery can alter thinking, memory, and attention patterns in some patients, we will assess whether creatine affects these changes in older adults undergoing surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 60-85 years, inclusive. * Undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Exclusion Criteria: * History of creatine deficiency disorders * Renal or neurodegenerative disorders * Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus * History of stroke or significant head trauma, presence of intracranial mass lesions * Alcohol or substance abuse * Patients taking entecavir or pemetrexed * Prior creatine use within four weeks of enrollment * Allergy to any component of the intervention or placebo * Inability to give informed consent.