Comparison of Sacral ESP Block and Dorsal Penile Nerve Block in Pediatric Hypospadias Surgery

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided Sacral Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block versus Dorsal Penile Nerve Block (DPNB) in pediatric patients aged 1-7 years undergoing hypospadias surgery. The primary outcome is the pain score assessed by the FLACC scale at the 12th postoperative hour

Inclusion Criteria: * Pediatric male patients aged 1-7 years. * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I or II. * Scheduled for elective hypospadias surgery. * Written informed consent obtained from parents/guardians Exclusion Criteria: * History of neurological deficit or developmental delay. * Bleeding diathesis or known coagulopathy. * History of allergy to local anesthetics. * Infection or skin lesion at the block injection site. * Congenital spinal anomaly. * Mental retardation or history of psychiatric disease. * Liver or kidney dysfunction