Effects of a Combined Home-Based Exercise Program on Menstrual Pain, Dual-Task Gait Performance, and EEG Markers of Cognitive-Motor Control in Females With Primary Dysmenorrhea

What is this study about? Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as painful period, is a common gynecological symptom experienced by several women of reproductive age. This particular type of pain arises during the menstrual cycle, often negatively impacting the quality of life and ability to successfully carry out daily activities and academic or work performance. This is study will involve physiotherapy treatment in the form of a home-based exercise program for those experiencing dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study is to determine how effective this exercise intervention is by assessing the pain score, menstrual symptoms, gait performance and cognitive-motor control.

Inclusion Criteria: * single * 18-25 years * meet the diagnostic criteria for PD as outlined in the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guidelines - first onset of menstrual pain 6-24 months after menarche, pain lasting 8-72h in a cycle, and the most severe pain on the 1st or 2nd day of menstruation * having a regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 7 days) * menstrual pain intensity ≥4 cm on VAS in the previous 6 months * absence of any known medical condition Exclusion Criteria: * history of pelvic surgery * history and/or findings of secondary dysmenorrhea * history of mental or physical diseases * history of joint, motion, muscle, or bone diseases which reduce the abilities to exercise * being a professional athlete * taking analgesic or non-pharmacological agents other than NSAID for menstrual pain * used an intrauterine device or oral contraceptive pill * metal implants, including pacemaker * history of non-normal brain activity, including seizures