Low-Flow Sevoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Several studies have demonstrated that inhalational anesthetic agents such as desflurane and sevoflurane may cause varying degrees of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, and cough in orotracheally intubated patients. However, data evaluating these outcomes under low-flow anesthesia conditions remain limited and insufficient. This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study will be conducted in patients aged 18-65 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, who are scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia and who provide written informed consent to participate in the study. The primary objective of the study is to compare the effects of low-flow desflurane and low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat. The secondary outcomes include the evaluation of postoperative hoarseness and cough, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and the total consumption of inhalational anesthetic agents.

Inclusion Criteria: * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II * Aged between 18 and 65 years * Patients who provide written informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection * Patients with a recent history of sore throat * Patients with chronic cough * Patients with a history of previous neck or tracheal surgery * Patients with predictors of difficult intubation * Patients with a history of difficult intubation * Obese patients (BMI \> 35 kg/m²) * Patients with chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD) * Pregnancy * Use of dexamethasone * Patients with hepatic impairment * Patients with allergy to paracetamol, tramadol, granisetron, dexamethasone, or metoclopramide * Patients with known allergy to halogenated anesthetic agents * Patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia * Patients with mental disorders or those unable to provide reliable assessment