Evaluation of the Effect of a Structured Yoga Exercise in Young Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition affecting women of reproductive age and negatively impacting quality of life. It is characterized by cramping pain in the lower abdomen that may radiate to the lower back and thighs, leading to decreased daily functioning, academic performance, and psychological well-being. In addition to pharmacological treatments, complementary approaches are increasingly used in the management of dysmenorrhea. Yoga, a mind-body exercise that combines physical movement with mental focus, has been suggested as an effective method for reducing stress and pain associated with dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness about dysmenorrhea in young women with primary dysmenorrhea and to investigate the effects of a yoga program on pain, quality of life, and menstrual attitudes following an educational session provided to all participants. Pain severity, quality of life, and menstrual attitudes will be assessed using validated questionnaires and scales, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), awareness questionnaire, functional and emotional dysmenorrhea scale, Menstrual Attitude Scale, and quality of life questionnaire. This study aims to determine whether yoga exercises reduce dysmenorrhea symptoms and improve quality of life in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Additionally, the study is expected to increase awareness about dysmenorrhea and provide evidence for the effectiveness of yoga as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy young women with primary dysmenorrhea * Aged between 18-25 years * Having a regular menstrual cycle (30-35 days) * Menstrual bleeding duration of 3-10 days Exclusion Criteria: * Having secondary dysmenorrhea * Participation in regular physical activity or other exercise programs * Use of medication * Diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome * Having bleeding disorders * Positive pregnancy test * Being in the breastfeeding period * Primary dysmenorrhea attributed to medical disorders or other causes * Participants who miss three consecutive sessions or four alternating sessions during the study will be excluded from the research