Effects of Reflexology and Cold Application Before Chest Tube Removal in CABG Patients

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of foot reflexology and cold application, administered separately before chest tube removal, on pain, state anxiety, and physiological parameters in patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. A total of 108 patients were assigned to a foot reflexology group, a cold application group, or a control group receiving routine care. Outcomes were assessed before the intervention, immediately before chest tube removal, and 30 minutes after removal. The study compared changes in these outcomes across the three groups.

Inclusion Criteria Aged 18 years or older Undergoing chest tube removal following first-time coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery No history of previous open-heart surgery No systemic analgesic use within 4 hours before the intervention Able to communicate and oriented Willing to participate voluntarily and able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria Hemodynamic instability or use of inotropic medication History of chronic pain History of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence A diagnosed psychiatric disorder that could affect communication or the ability to complete the study scales Foot lesions, neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, infection, burns, or open wounds that could prevent reflexology Lower-extremity amputation Local infection or an open wound at the chest tube insertion site that could prevent cold application