Effects of Plantar Vibration on Gait and Balance in Stroke

This study aims to evaluate the effects of local vibration applied to the plantar surface of the foot on gait speed and dynamic balance in individuals with stroke.

Inclusion Criteria: * Stroke occurred at least 6 months prior to enrollment. * No cognitive or communication impairments that would interfere with participation. * Ability to stand independently for 20 seconds or more. * Ability to walk 10 meters independently, with or without walking aids or orthoses as needed. * Age between 18 and 75 years. * Lower extremity Brunnstrom stage of 4 or higher. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of severe osteoarthritis in the lower extremities. * Diagnosis of cancer or diabetic neuropathy. * Presence of vestibular disorders. * Lower extremity ulceration or amputation. * History of vertigo. * Alcohol consumption within the past 24 hours. * Hemodynamic instability. * Stroke affecting the basilar artery or cerebellum (posterior circulation stroke). * Presence of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. * Acute lower extremity injury within the past 6 weeks. * History of lower extremity surgery.