The Effects of Mango on Gut Health Markers

This is an ancillary study of NCT06159543, which was a clinical trial that examined the effect of a 12-week 1.5 cups daily mango crossover intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with prediabetes, male and female, and 40-60 years of age. The goal of this ancillary study is to test the effect of the mango intervention on gut health markers in individuals with prediabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What is the effect of 1.5 cups per day of fresh mango over 12 weeks on indicators of gut permeability as measured by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14)? 2. What is the effect of 1.5 cups per day of fresh mango over 12 weeks on microbiome modulation as estimated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)? Secondarily: 1. Is LBP a mediator of the relationship between systemic inflammation \[as determined by C-reactive protein, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)\] and SCFAs? 2. Is LBP a mediator of the relationship between insulin resistance \[as determined by HOMA-IR\] and SCFAs? 3. Is sCD14 a mediator of the relationship between systemic inflammation \[as determined by C-reactive protein, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)\] and SCFAs? 4. Is sCD14 a mediator of the relationship between insulin resistance \[as determined by HOMA-IR\] and SCFAs? Researchers will compare the 12 weeks participants consume mango to the 12 weeks the participants are not consuming mango to see if there are differences in LBP, sCD14, and SCFAs. As noted, this is an ancillary study of NCT06159543. Fasting blood was collected at baseline, and at the end of each phase of NCT06159543. This blood will be used to analyze LBP, sCD14 and SCFAs. Fasting blood and insulin were analyzed in NCT06159543, and will used to calculate HOMA-IR in the ancillary study. C-reactive protein, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) will be analyzed NCT06159543.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participated in NCT06159543 Exclusion Criteria: * Did not participate in NCT06159543