Ursolic Acid-Standardized Apple Pomace Supplementation for Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults With Mild Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by loss of muscle strength and physical performance, leading to increased risk of falls and disability. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of ursolic acid-standardized apple pomace supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with mild sarcopenia. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either 200 mg/day, 400 mg/day of the supplement, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is change in handgrip strength, with additional assessments of physical performance, body composition, fatigue, and quality of life. The study will also evaluate the safety and tolerability of the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 65 to 80 years (inclusive) * Male or female * Community-dwelling outpatients * Able and willing to provide written informed consent * Able to comply with study procedures and attend scheduled visits * Able to walk independently (assistive devices permitted) and safely perform physical performance assessments * Stable medical condition and stable medication regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to screening * Mild sarcopenia defined as: * SARC-F score ≥4 or clinical suspicion of sarcopenia, and Low muscle strength defined as: Handgrip strength \