Effect of Upper-limb Plyometric Training Versus Strength Training for Enhancing Serve Velocity, Strength, and Power in Competitive Tennis Players

This study aims to compare the effects of upper-limb plyometric training and traditional strength training on serve velocity, muscular strength, and power in competitive tennis players. Serve velocity is a critical performance factor in tennis, and optimizing upper-limb function is essential for enhancing performance. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a plyometric training group or a strength training group. Both groups will undergo structured training programs over a defined intervention period. Outcome measures, including serve velocity, upper-limb strength, and power, will be assessed at baseline and after the completion of the intervention. The findings of this study will help determine the most effective training approach for improving performance in tennis players and may guide coaches, athletes, and rehabilitation professionals in designing evidence-based training programs.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-30 years (male tennis players). * Currently training/competing in tennis ≥3 sessions/week. * Minimum of 4 years of systematic tennis training experience * Provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Recent musculoskeletal surgery * Upper-limb (shoulder/elbow) or lower-limb injury that limits training in past 6 months. * Participation in structured strength or agility programs outside routine tennis training * Neurological or cardiovascular disorders or other medical condition contraindicating high-intensity exercise