Elastic-Band Resistance and Breathing Training for Older Adults With Pulmonary Function Impairment

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether elastic-band resistance training, with or without breathing training, can improve lung function and physical function in older adults with pulmonary function impairment living in the community. It will also learn about the safety and feasibility of these exercise programs. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does elastic-band resistance training improve lung function, lower-limb muscle strength, walking ability, and exercise tolerance? Does adding structured breathing training to elastic-band resistance training provide additional benefits for lung function and respiratory-related health status? Are these exercise programs safe and acceptable for older adults in a community setting? Researchers will compare three groups: elastic-band resistance training plus breathing training, elastic-band resistance training alone, and usual health education. This will help determine whether elastic-band resistance training is helpful and whether breathing training adds extra benefit. Participants will: Take part in a 12-week study Be assigned by chance to one of three groups Attend supervised exercise sessions 3 times per week if assigned to an exercise group Receive usual health education and daily activity guidance Complete lung function tests, muscle strength tests, physical function tests, and questionnaires at the start of the study, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 60 to 85 years * Pulmonary function impairment identified by community-based spirometry screening * Community-dwelling older adults * Able to communicate and walk independently * Willing to participate in the 12-week intervention and all study assessments * Provided written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Acute or unstable cardiovascular, respiratory, or severe musculoskeletal disease that made exercise training unsafe * Recent acute exacerbation, surgery, severe infection, or other health event that could affect safe participation * Significant cognitive impairment, communication disorder, or inability to cooperate with training or assessments * Currently receiving systematic pulmonary rehabilitation or regular structured exercise training that could affect the intervention effect * Unable to meet spirometry quality-control requirements * Unable to complete key baseline outcome assessments