Effects of Virtual Reality Education on Anxiety and Learning in Patients Undergoing Urolithiasis Surgery

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of two-tier virtual reality-based preoperative education on anxiety, learning knowledge, self-care ability, and cognitive load in patients undergoing urolithiasis surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to routine education, standard virtual reality education, or two-tier virtual reality education groups. Outcomes will be assessed using anxiety scales, knowledge questionnaires, self-care ability measures, and cognitive load assessments before and after the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients scheduled to undergo urolithiasis surgery with procedure codes 77026B, 77027B, 77028B, or 76016B. * Aged 18 years or older. * Conscious and mentally alert. * Able to communicate in Mandarin Chinese and read written text. * Able to understand and operate virtual reality equipment. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with current psychiatric disorders or substance abuse. * Patients with hearing or visual impairment. * Patients with visual dizziness, vertigo, or virtual reality motion sickness symptoms. * Patients who are unable to cooperate or unwilling to participate in the study.