The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality as a Method of Treating Anxiety and Procedural Pain During Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) of Lower Varicose Veins Under Tumescent Anesthesia

This is a prospective, single-arm, pre-post interventional study designed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and impact of immersive virtual reality (VR) as an adjunct to tumescent local anesthesia during endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins / chronic venous insufficiency. All eligible and consenting participants will receive the same intervention (immersive VR during the entire EVLA procedure). There is no randomization, no control group, and no allocation to different arms. Each participant serves as their own control through before-and-after comparisons

Inclusion Criteria: * adults people scheduled to EVLA under local anesthesia and signed for VR interventiion. Exclusion Criteria: * exclusion of epilepsy, severe motion sickness, previous severe cybersickness