Sensory and Behavioral Sleep Training

Sleep problems may affect individuals' daily functioning, emotional well-being, cognitive performance, and quality of life. Non-pharmacological approaches, including sleep hygiene education, sensory-based strategies, and behavioral relaxation techniques, may help individuals develop healthier sleep routines. However, studies directly comparing sensory-based and behavioral approaches are limited. The aim of this randomized controlled study is to compare the effects of sensory-based and behavioral sleep interventions in adults experiencing poor sleep quality. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups: a sleep hygiene education group, a sensory-based intervention group, or a behavioral intervention group. All participants receive a standardized six-week sleep hygiene education program. In addition, the sensory-based intervention group uses aromatherapy and pink noise, while the behavioral intervention group practices progressive muscle relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Participants are assessed before and after the six-week intervention period. The study examines changes in sleep quality and sleep-related behaviors, as well as anxiety, quality of life, activity-role balance, sensory processing characteristics, autonomic nervous system activity, and sleep parameters. The study is expected to provide information about the potential contribution of sensory-based and behavioral strategies to the management of sleep problems.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 20 to 55 years * Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score of 5 or higher * Able to use a smartphone * Able to understand and speak Turkish * Willing to participate voluntarily and provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * History of substance dependence * Presence of a chronic physical illness or a diagnosed psychiatric disorder * Regular medication use, particularly sleep-regulating medications, antidepressants, or similar medications that may affect sleep * Diagnosis of a sleep disorder, such as insomnia or sleep apnea * Mini-Mental State Examination score below 24 * Regular meditation or similar mind-body practice for more than 15 minutes per day * Body mass index greater than 34.9 kg/m² * Previous participation in a sleep hygiene education program