The Effect of Muscular Fatigue on Lower Limb Kinematics During Single-Leg Drop Landing in Female Athletes

this study will be conducted to investigate the effect of muscular fatigue on lower limb kinematics during single-leg drop landing in female professional volleyball players using a mobile-based motion analysis application.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female volleyball players aged 20-25 years * Practice professional volleyball training or competition experience of at least 2 years * typically engage in a high volume of training, with regular participation in at least five training sessions per week * Willingness to adhere to fatigue protocol and provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Current or recent (within the past 6 months) lower limb injury or medical condition * History of lower limb surgeries * Neurological disorders or balance impairments . * Experiencing pain or discomfort during jumping or landing tasks * Body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m² * Inability to comply with the fatigue protocol or follow instructions for the landing tasks