High-Intensity Laser Acupuncture for Treating Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is among the most prevalent forms of knee discomfort. The main complaint is typically anterior knee pain, which gets worse while jumping, bending knee, going up or down stairs, or sitting for long periods of time with bent knee. Teens and early adulthood are commonly affected by patellofemoral pain syndrome, with a higher frequency in females. In healthy general populations, the prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome is 22.7%, and in teens, it is 28.9%.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (positive Clarkes sign and Waldron test) * Age from 18 to 25 years * Patients suffering from pain which aggravated by prolonged sitting, stair climbing, running, squatting, kneeling, hopping\\jumping, overuse activities and relieved by rest for at least 3 months * Visual analog scale (VAS) greater than 3 points in daily activity * The ability to participate in the study and follow the treatment schedule. Exclusion Criteria: * Physiotherapy in the last 12 months * Intra-articular injection in the last 3 months * Other knee disorders such as: (osteoarthritis, previous knee surgery, history of knee arthroplasty, or traumatic injury related joint deformity) * BMI greater than or equal 30 * Pregnancy * Pacemaker insertion * Photosensitivity * History of using oral analgesic or NSAIDs in the previous 4 weeks, * History of malignancy, psychiatric disorder, mental retardation, neurologic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, or uncontrolled hypertension.