HBM-Based Education for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Parents of Premature Infants

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational interventions can improve knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening among parents of premature infants attending ROP clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' knowledge about Retinopathy of Prematurity screening? * Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' screening-related practices and follow-up for Retinopathy of Prematurity? Researchers will compare different educational approaches, including video-based education, audio-based education, and standard educational material, to see which method is more effective in improving parental understanding and practices regarding ROP screening. Participants will: * Complete a questionnaire assessing their knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening at baseline * Receive one of the following educational approaches: video message plus counselling and pamphlet, audio message plus counselling and pamphlet, or counselling and pamphlet only * Attend a follow-up visit approximately 2 weeks after the initial visit * Complete a follow-up questionnaire to assess changes in knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening

Inclusion Criteria: * Mother or father of a premature infant attending Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) clinic * Parent aged 18 years or older * Parent of a premature infant who was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) * Able to understand English or Urdu * Willing and able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Parents with disability or cognitive impairment affecting participation * Uncooperative participants * Parents unwilling or unable to provide informed consent