GlaukomAI: Clinical Validation of an AI System for Early Glaucoma Screening

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent vision loss, but current diagnostic pathways require multiple specialist visits and tests, leading to long waiting times and delayed diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of GlaukomAI, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based software that analyzes fundus photographs of the eye to detect glaucoma at an early stage. The study is conducted at IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti (Rome, Italy) and is structured in two phases: * Phase 1 enrolls 200 participants (100 with diagnosed glaucoma and 100 healthy controls) to assess how accurately GlaukomAI can distinguish between glaucoma and healthy eyes, compared to the judgment of a panel of three expert glaucoma specialists. * Phase 2 enrolls 1,000 consecutive outpatients to evaluate whether GlaukomAI can correctly identify patients who need referral to a glaucoma specialist, and to compare its performance with that of non-specialist ophthalmologists. Participants undergo a single study visit including standard ophthalmic examinations (visual acuity, eye pressure measurement, visual field test, OCT, and fundus photography). No investigational drugs or invasive procedures are involved. The results of this study will provide evidence to support the integration of AI-based tools into routine glaucoma screening pathways, with the goal of reducing diagnostic delays and improving access to care.

Inclusion Criteria for all patients: * Age \>18 years * Freely given informed consent obtained prior to study initiation * The participant has the capacity to understand and the willingness to follow study instructions and is likely to complete all required visits and procedures Inclusion Criteria for glaucoma patients: Patients affected by any type of glaucoma (primary open-angle, primary angle-closure, secondary glaucoma) on pharmacological therapy Inclusion Criteria for healthy controls: * Absence of ocular pathologies * IOP \