Comparison of Hemodynamics and Respiratory Function Between Ciprofol and Propofol in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-intubated General Anesthesia

At the initiation of induction for non-intubated general anesthesia, ciprofol or propofol will be administered intravenously at a rate of 10 mL/min. The Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale will be used to evaluate sedation depth. This study aims to assess the effects of ciprofol and propofol on hemodynamics and respiratory function in elderly patients undergoing non-intubated general anesthesia.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients scheduled for elective non-intubated general anesthesia 2. Age ranging from 65 to 80 years old 3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I-III 4. Written informed consent signed by the patient or legal guardian Exclusion Criteria: 1. Confirmed allergy to propofol, ciprofol or their excipients 2. Severe cardiovascular diseases (uncontrolled hypertension, heart failure, severe arrhythmia, etc.) 3. Severe respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc.) 4. Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency 5. Long-term regular use of sedatives or opioids 6. Baseline bradycardia (HR \< 50 beats/min) or hypoxemia (SpO₂ \< 90%)