Aquatic vs Mat Pilates for Thoracic Kyphosis in Older Women

This study is a comparative interventional trial designed to evaluate the effects of Aquatic Pilates versus Mat Pilates on respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, and thoracic kyphosis in older women. Thoracic kyphosis is a common postural deviation in older adults that may negatively affect respiratory mechanics, physical performance, and quality of life. Participants were allocated into four groups and assessed at three time points: baseline (pre-intervention), after 6 weeks of intervention, and immediately following the completion of a 12-week exercise program. Outcome measures included anthropometric characteristics (height, body weight, and body mass index), degree of thoracic kyphosis, respiratory function assessed via spirometric testing, functional capacity evaluated using standardized physical performance tests, and quality of life. The intervention programs consisted of structured Aquatic Pilates and Mat Pilates protocols designed to improve postural alignment, respiratory efficiency, functional ability, and overall quality of life. The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Aquatic Pilates versus Mat Pilates on respiratory, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes in older women with thoracic kyphosis.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female participants * Αge 55-65 years * Clinical diagnosis of thoracic kyphosis * Thoracic kyphosis angle between 26° and 46° * Ability to participate in exercise program * Ability to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Rheumatoid arthritis * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Cardiovascular disease * History of spinal surgery * History of lower limb surgery * Recent fractures within the past 6 months * Severe hyperkyphosis (\>46°)